美国NRC对于公众关于日本3月11日大地震和海啸常提出的常见问题的答复3
17) Does GI-199 provide rankings of US nuclear plants in terms of safety?
17）GI-199是否给出美国核电厂的安全排序？
The NRC does not rank nuclear plants by seismic risk.
NRC没有对美国核电厂的地震风险进行排序。
The objective of the GI-199 Safety/Risk Assessment was to perform a conservative, screening-level assessment to evaluate if further investigations of seismic safety for operating reactors in the central and eastern US (CEUS) are warranted, consistent with NRC directives.
GI-199安全/概率评价的目的是进行保守的筛选水平评价，以评估是否需要对美国中部和东部（CEUS）的运行反应堆作进一步的地震安全评价，以满足NRC的指令。
The results of the GI-199 safety risk assessment should not be interpreted as definitive estimates of plant-specific seismic risk because some analyses were very conservative making the calculated risk higher than in reality.
GI-199的结果不应理解为具体核电厂地震风险的最终估算值，因为某些分析非常保守，使得计算的风险大于实际的风险。
The nature of the information used (both seismic hazard data and plant-level fragility information) make these estimates useful only as a screening tool.
所用资料（地震灾害数据和电厂薄弱环节资料）的性质使得这些估算值只能作为一个筛选工具。
18) What are the current findings of GI-199?
18）现在对于GI-199有什么调查结果？
Currently operating nuclear plants in the US remain safe, with no need for immediate action.
目前美国运行核电厂是安全的，没有必要立即采取行动。
This determination is based on NRC staff reviews of updated seismic hazard information and the conclusions of the first stage of GI-199.
这个判断基于NRC工作人员对于更新的地震危害资料以及GI-199第一阶段成果的审查。
Existing nuclear plants were designed with considerable margin to be able to withstand the ground motions from the “deterministic” or “scenario earthquake” that accounted for the largest earthquakes expected in the area around the “plant”.
现有的核电厂设计中有很大的裕度，能够承受“确定论地震”或“设定地震”造成的地面运动，而它考虑了电厂周围地区预期最大地震。
The results of the GI-199 assessment demonstrate that the probability of exceeding the 199 design basis ground motion may have increased at some sites, but only by a relatively small amount.
GI-199评价的结果证实，某些厂址超设计基准地面运动的概率是增加的，但仍是相对小的增量。
In addition, the probabilities of seismic core damage are lower than the guidelines for taking immediate action.
此外，地震引起堆芯损毁的概率低于需要立即采取行动的指南值。
Although there is not an immediate safety concern, the NRC is focused on assuring safety during even very rare and extreme events.
尽管不是立即要关注的安全问题，但NRC仍致力于确保稀有和极端事件中的安全。
Therefore, the NRC has determined that assessment of updated seismic hazards and plant performance should continue.
因此，NRC已经决定应继续开展对更新的地震危害和电厂性能的评价。
19) What do you mean by “increased estimates of seismic hazards” at nuclear plant sites?
19）核电厂“增加的地震灾害估算值（increased estimates of seismic hazards）”是什么意思？
Seismic hazard (earthquake hazard) represents the chance (or probability) that a specific level of ground motion could be observed or exceeded at a given location.
地震危害（大地震危害）（Seismic hazard (earthquake hazard)）表示在特定地点的特定地面运动被观测到或被超过的机会（或概率）。
Our estimates of seismic hazard at some Central and Eastern United States locations have changed based on results from recent research, indicating that earthquakes occurred more often in some locations than previously estimated.
根据最新的研究成果，我们对美国中部和东部某些运行核电厂估算的地震危害已经有所改变，即在某些地方，与早先的估算值相比，发生大地震的可能性有所增加。
Our estimates of seismic hazard have also changed because the models used to predict the level of ground motion, as caused by a specific magnitude earthquake at a certain distance from a site, changed.
我们对地震危害的估算值增加，还因为用于预测地面运动（由离厂址某个距离上特定震级地震引起的）水平的模型有所改变。
The increased estimates of seismic hazard at some locations in the Central and Eastern United States were discussed in a memorandum to the Commission, dated July 26, 2006.(The memorandum is available in the NRC Agency wide Documents Access and Management System [ADAMS] under Accession No. ML052360044).
美国中部和东部某些地方的地震危害估算值增加，已在给NRC的一个备忘录（2006年7月26日）中进行了讨论（该备忘录可以在NRC网站的的ADAMS系统中得到，No. ML052360044）。
20) Does the Seismic Core Damage represent a measurement of the risk of radiation release
20）地震引起的堆芯损毁是否标志放射性释放的风险，还只是堆芯损毁的风险（不考虑外加的安全壳）？
Seismic core damage frequency is the probability of damage to the core resulting from a seismic initiating event.
地震造成堆芯损毁的频率是指由地震初始事件引起的堆芯损毁的概率。
It does not imply either a meltdown or the loss of containment, which would be required for radiological release to occur.
这并不意味着出现放射性释放的堆芯熔毁，或安全壳破损。
The likelihood of radiation release is far lower. or only the risk of core damage (not accounting for additional containment)?
放射性释放的可能性是极低的。
21) Where can I get current information about Generic Issue 199?
21）现在可以从哪里得到GI-199的资料？
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22) Could an accident sequence like the one at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plants happen in the US?
22）像日本福岛第一核电厂那样的事故序列可能在美国发生吗？
It is difficult to answer this question until we have a better understanding of the precise problems and conditions that faced the operators at Fukushima Daiichi.
在我们较好理解福岛第一核电厂运行面临的准确问题和状态之前，很困难回答这个问题。
We do know, however, that Fukushima Daiichi Units 1-3 lost all offsite power and emergency diesel generators.
我们知道，然而，福岛第一核电厂1-3号机组丧失所有厂外电源和应急柴油发电机。
This situation is called “station blackout.” US nuclear power plants are designed to cope with a station blackout event that involves a loss of offsite power and onsite emergency power.
对这个状态，我们称之为“全厂断电（station blackout）”。美国核电厂设计考虑了丧失厂外电源和厂区应急柴油发电机的全厂断电事件。
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission's detailed regulations address this scenario.
NRC有详细的规程来处理这种场景。
US nuclear plants are required to conduct a “coping” assessment and develop a strategy to demonstrate to the NRC that they could maintain the plant in a safe condition during a station blackout scenario.
NRC要求美国的核电厂进行“应对（coping）”评价，并建立一项策略来向NRC证实电厂能够在全厂断电场景下保持在安全状态。
These assessments, proposed modifications to the plant, and operating procedures were reviewed and approved by the NRC.
NRC审查和批准了这些评价以及电厂拟议的改进和运行程序。Several plants added additional AC power sources to comply with this regulation.
几个电厂增加了额外的AC电源来符合规程的要求。
In addition, US nuclear plant designs and operating practices since the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, are designed to mitigate severe accident scenarios such as aircraft impact, which include the complete loss of offsite power and all on-site emergency power sources.
此外，自从2001年9月11日恐怖袭击事件以来，美国核电厂的设计和运行程序都要求考虑诸如飞机撞击之类的严重事故的缓解措施，其中包括完全丧失厂外电源以及所有厂区应急电源的情况。
US nuclear plant designs include consideration of seismic events and tsunamis'.
美国核电厂的设计包括地震和海啸事件的考虑。
It is important not to extrapolate earthquake and tsunami data from one location of the world to another when evaluating these natural hazards.
重要的是，在评估这些自然事件时，不能将世界上某一地方发生的地震和海啸的数据外推到世界上的另一个地方。
These catastrophic natural events are very region- and location- specific, based on tectonic and geological fault line locations.
这些灾难性的自然事件是与具体区域和位置非常密切相关的，取决于构造和地质断层位置。
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