2011-03-13。爱德华.马凯议员致信总统奥巴马，如何美国遭受核灾难，找谁负责？

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2011-03-13。爱德华.马凯议员致信总统奥巴马，如何美国遭受核灾难，找谁负责？

由于美国政府缺乏相应的协调计划，国会议员马凯说，对此表示关注,核缺乏“紧急丸”，要求对在美国暂停新的核反应堆建造.

华盛顿（2011年3月13日） - 爱德华J.众议员马凯（麻州）提出的关注今天美国没有一个协调的计划，以应付类似目前在日本发生核灾难。自然资源委员会民主党和对能源和商业委员会的资深成员众议员马凯在致函奥巴马总统时指出，目前似乎没有一个单一的联邦机构已被指定负责美国本土核灾难事件。

“我担心，当核灾难降临的时候，没有一个明确的机构来作出应急措施，”众议员马凯说： “与之形成鲜明对比像石油泄漏和飓风设想的方案，也没有应急协调和指挥者，以对付特异性核灾难的反应。”

联邦政府的核事故应急计划 - 核/放射事件依附于国家反应计划，作为一个附加计划 - 里面写道，国土安全部（DHS）“只是协调美国联邦政府作准备、应对和恢复因恐怖袭击造成的大灾害和其他紧急情况。“然而，该计划还指出，关于核或辐射事故，键入协调机构可能反而是能源部，国防部，根据美国环境保护局（EPA），核管理委员会（NRC），或美国海岸警备队。

根据最近发布的文件信息自由法的要求明确，包括美国环保局，美国国家研究委员会和联邦紧急管理署（FEMA）在内，这是美国国土安全部的一部分，是哪些协议将导致联邦机构努力应对和清理不大型辐射释放造成的事故或在一个核反应堆所遭受的攻击。

众议员马凯的全信如下。

众议员马基还重申了他那碘化钾，“紧急避孕药”核灾难后，它可以帮助防止辐射中毒的致癌作用采取的，没有得到分布在美国20英里的核设施是生活的关切，与2002年的法律的矛盾众议员马凯撰写。

众议员马凯还要求对所有可能被放置在地震活跃地区，直到一个弹性的设计，应急，备用电源，以防止在长时间停电了崩溃从高端到低端暂停审查新的反应堆，并已疏散计划进行。众议员马基还要求对在美国的31个反应堆，它们是作为日本目前正经历重大故障的相同设计的安全审查。

和众议员马凯希望核管理委员会暂停了之前的设计为AP 1000反应堆的批准。 一位NRC的最高层人员警告说，遏制这种反应堆设计的结构将无法抵御强烈地震，它是如此脆弱，可以“像一个玻璃杯粉碎”下足够的压力。这揭露导致众议员马基发送一个NRC的信前几天日本的地震要求的安全问题的决议。

原文如下：
March 13, 2011: Markey: Who’s In Charge If Nuclear Disaster Hits America?

U.S. Govt. Lacks Coordinated Plan, Says Markey; Congressman Expresses Concerns Over Lack of Nuclear “Emergency Pills,” Calls for Moratorium on New Nuclear Reactors in U.S.

WASHINGTON (March 13, 2011) – Rep. Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.) raised concerns today that the United States does not have a coordinated plan to deal with a similar nuclear disaster as that which is currently happening in Japan. In a letter sent to President Barack Obama, Rep. Markey, who is the top Democrat on the Natural Resources Committee and a senior member of the Energy and Commerce Committee, pointed out that currently no single federal agency appears to have designated command in the event of a nuclear disaster here on U.S. soil.

“I am concerned that it appears that no agency sees itself as clearly in command of emergency response in a nuclear disaster,” writes Rep. Markey. “In stark contrast to the scenarios contemplated for oil spills and hurricanes, there is no specificity for emergency coordination and command in place for a response to a nuclear disaster.”

The federal government’s nuclear accident response plan -- the Nuclear/Radiological Incident Annex to the National Response Plan -- says that the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) “is responsible for coordinating Federal operations within the United States to prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies.” Yet the plan also indicates that, depending on the type of nuclear or radiological incident, the coordinating agency may instead be the Department of Energy, Department of Defense, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), or the U.S. Coast Guard.

Documents recently released under a Freedom of Information Act request indicate that the EPA, the NRC and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which is part of DHS, are not in agreement about which federal agency would lead efforts to respond and clean up a large-scale radiation release caused by an accident at or attack on a nuclear reactor.

Rep. Markey’s full letter is pasted below and available HERE .

Rep. Markey also reiterated his concerns that potassium iodide, the “emergency pills” taken after a nuclear disaster which can help prevent the cancer-causing effects of radiation poisoning, have not been distributed to those living within 20 miles of a U.S. nuclear facility, in contradiction with a 2002 law which Rep. Markey authored.

Rep. Markey also called for a moratorium on all new reactors that could be placed in seismically active areas until a top-to-bottom review of design resiliency, emergency response, backup power to prevent a meltdown during long electricity outages, and evacuation plans has been conducted. Rep. Markey has also demanded a safety review of the 31 reactors in the United States that are the same design as those currently experiencing major failure in Japan.

And Rep. Markey wants the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to suspend a pending approval of the design for the AP 1000 nuclear reactor. One of NRC's most senior staff warned that the containment structure for this reactor design would not be able to withstand a strong earthquake and it was so brittle it could “shatter like a glass cup” under sufficient stress. That revelation led Rep. Markey to send a letter to the NRC urging the resolution of the safety concerns just days before the Japanese earthquake.